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RISC OS features in plain english By Chris Williams. Published: 14th Jan 2006, 07:08:47 | Permalink | PrintableA brave stab at bringing all the feature lists together into one easy to understand summary
In 1999, RISCOS Ltd. released RISC OS 4, and then in 2001 launched the RISC OS Select scheme. Select is subscription based, where users pay up front for a year's worth of updates and support. New versions of the operating system are 'soft-loaded' over the base copy located in the ROM chips on the computer's motherboard during boot up, and copies are distributed along with extra software and utilities via the Internet and CDs. A ROM based version called RISC OS Adjust was launched in 2004. The operating system is intended to run on Acorn RiscPC class computers, including the A7000 range.
A database of changes from the developers' logs are available online, but are highly technical in nature. Below is a list of key operating system features for all of RISC OS 4.39, compiled from various separate sources, which hopefully describes details in a more straight forward manner.
Low level
- Compatible with ARM processors that provide a 26bit addressing mode (no longer supported by modern cores)
- Lightweight kernel with core functionality split into separate modular building blocks
- Basic memory protection for applications
- Single threaded
- Proprietary software API; SharedCLibrary module supports C90 features and functions
- Operating system can load extension and driver modules that typically attach themselves to interrupts and events, and can provide additional software interfaces and command line functions
- Provides a co-operative multitasking environment for desktop applications and pre-emptive multitasking for command line applications
- Includes protection from known viruses
- Includes internationalisation support for applications wishing to provide text and resources in various languages
- Simple debugger built in to view and alter memory locations, and disassemble code
- Uses a logging system called Syslog to record errors and other messages generated by applications, which can be inspected later; can also record the progress of the system as it boots up to help pin point failures during a computer's start up, and is configurable in how it stores logs and optionally sends them to a networked computer for safe keeping
- A 'BIOS menu' like graphical user interface can appear before the desktop is started in order to allow the user to boot the machine from a CD or from a network fileserver, to configure the number of hard discs connected, and similar settings. It will appear automatically if a serious error occurs during the computer's start up
- Applications can use a maximum of 26MB RAM each, although can allocate more memory for data by using dynamic areas
- Scripts that contain commands to be executed, called Obey files, are cached in memory to help boost performance
- Fits inside a 4MB Flash ROM or 6MB RAM when loaded from disc
Hardware
- Supports legacy Acorn-era VIDC and IOMD chipsets, and compatible clones, for graphics, sound and IO
- Supports legacy Acorn proprietary podule expansion bus; expansion cards usually provide drivers in ROM, and supported products can:
- Provide USB 1 and 2 support
- Support selected entry level ATi AGP graphics cards
- Provide 10Mbit and 100MBit ethernet networking
- Provide TV and video capture, audio capture, and so on
- Support for scroll wheel mice
- Supports standard serial and parallel ports
- Supports software controlled power-off, where available, and with a shortcut from the shutdown window
Networking
- BSD derived TCP/IP networking stack
- DHCP and BOOTP support for automatic network configuration, and with no reboot required for changes to take effect. The DHCP client also supports sending the computer's name to the DHCP server to increase compatibility
- Uses ZeroConf to configure the computer to use the current network with no user intervention, which is said to make the job of setting up a network easier; as used by the Apple Rendezvous protocol
- Support for AppleTalk, allowing file and printer sharing with Apple computers
- ShareFS provides proprietary network based filesharing between computers; can share whole file systems as well as individual directories, shares can be password protected, and shared directories are highlighted in filer windows with a special shared icon
- LanManFS provides access to Windows workgroup networks
- Support for legacy proprietary Acorn networking, including legacy Econet support
- A simple packet filtering firewall is provided to protect services such as file servers from being reached by external networks and the Internet
- A DNS server is included to provide hostname look ups
Graphics
- Support for 2:1 sampled EXIF JPEGs
- The Image File Rendering (IFR) system is a plugin based system that allows applications and the operating system to easily display any supported image format. Plugins exist for JPEG, PNG, Sprite, Drawfile, BMP, ICO, Clear, PCX, PNM, XBM, ArtWorks, Sun Raster, and more images from third parties
- Image File Convert uses IFR plugins to convert images from one supported format to another
- Support in the operating system and bundled software for handling and displaying bitmaps with alpha channels; allows images to have 256 levels of transparency, and third party programs can use this feature too
- Support for sprites with a CMYK colour scheme, as used in professional printing; CMYK sprites are compatible with most existing software
- Icons being dragged around the desktop and between applications are properly transparent and blended with the background; this transparency effect can be used by third party software
- Enhanced colour mapping support allowing applications to easily manipulate and process the colours in an image; used by operating system components to improve the plotting of images and other applications can support it too. Processing includes colour inversion, conversion to greyscale, gamma correction, contrast and brightness adjustment, and tinting an image with a given colour. It is backed by another new module that will blend colours together for the OS and applications that wish to use it. One example is the tinting of file icons that are selected in the filer
Sound
- 16-bit sound support
- Ratetracker module keeps the state of the sound system in check
Filesystems
- Support for Acorn proprietary filesystem, including long filenames
- Hard discs of up to 256GB in size are supported
- DOSFS provides Microsoft FAT filesystem support, up to a limit of 2GB, and supports hardware partition tables
- RAMFS provides a virtual hard disc in memory, ideal for temporary data storage; can be resized to up to 256M
- Supports standard ISO9660 CDs and the Rockridge and Joliet extensions
- Preliminary support for UDF, the file system structure found on DVD discs
- Can perform a 'quick' format of floppy discs, which greatly reduces the format time
- Can boot from floppy, CD-ROM, local area network or hard disc
- Can create virtual filesystems using path system variables. For example, Music:$ can refer to ADFS::HardDisc4.$.Internet.Downloads.Music
- Can warn the user if the computer is rebooted without being safely shutdown, and can optionally check the integrity of a hard disc if such a situation occurs
Desktop
- Full window based graphical desktop with context sensitive menus, and an iconbar showing which applications are running and any devices that are connected
- The pinboard is a background area to which files can be attached and windows can be 'minimised' to. It can also display as a wallpaper any image supported by the IFR and can be brought to the front of the desktop using a shortcut; if you run out of wallpaper images, it can produce one for you using a graduation of selected colours
- Uses all 3 buttons on a mouse to perform operations, open menus and perform alternative operations
- Up to 16 million colours possible on the desktop, and support for up to 180 DPI sprites
- Files do not have type extensions (such as article.txt) and instead use meta-data to store their type
- The filer, which graphically represents directories of files in windows and allows users to easily manage their work and information, can properly sort files with numeric and mixed upper- and lowercase filenames, as well as sorting by type, date created and size
- The filer can also display thumbnails of images in directories using the IFR system
- Icons being selected by a 'rubber band box' are highlighted in real time as the edge of the selection box moves over them
- Dragging a group of files from the filer will display during the act of drag'n'drop the number of objects that will be moved or copied by the operation
- When running an executable from the filer, the system will make sure enough memory is allocated to fit the program in memory, rather than use the Next slot as defined in Task Manager
- The layout and position of window control icons around windows on the desktop can be configured; these include the 'close', 'iconise', 'minimise', 'maximise' and scroll buttons, allowing the user to customise the general window user interface
- Individual filer windows can be refreshed if, for example, new files appear from a networked computer
- A global clipboard is supported by the bundled applications, and third party software can too; users can use control-c and control-v to cut and paste information between core applications and other programs that support this feature
- Text in writeable icons can be cut and pasted to and from the global clipboard; text can be highlighted and the effects of deleting and typing over highlighted text is configurable
- Action buttons in windows, such as 'OK' and 'Cancel', can be themed and have their appearances changed; example designs are included to give them a rounded edge style. This also applies to other icons, such as group boxes
- Command line applications can be executed in a task windows, which pre-emptively multitask alongside desktop applications
- Full anti-aliased font support on the desktop with support for 8bit Latin; various built-in fonts provided
- A recycling bin collects deleted files so they can be retrieved if needed again, and the bin can expire trashed files permanently at a later date or at the user's request
- The system provides a multi-user system, allowing individual users to have their own separate application configuration settings and personal directories for storing data; they can 'login' with their own username and passwords
- A hardware profile system enables the user to create different hardware setups so that particular application settings come into effect when a given hardware setup is used. For example, if you have a Viewfinder graphics card, you can configure the system to start up with different software loaded and use different a display resolution depending on whether or not you have the VF card plugged in when you turn the computer on
- Provides a toolbox of commonly used user interface components for third party developers to reuse; many components have been released, updated and bug fixed during the course of RISC OS 4's development. These desktop gadgets save programmers time and effort when using them in their own third party applications
- Structured boot sequence that allows tasks and applications to be run during the computer's start up, and also holds all the system's disc based resources and extension modules; attempts to delete it produce a warning in case the operation was accidental
Applications
- Alarm: An alarm clock that can schedule tasks to run and make messages appear at set times and dates. Can also use the Internet to keep the computer clock accurate
- BASIC: Built in programming language for 'rapid application development'; can also assemble machine code programs
- CD Player: Now built into CDFS, can query online databases for disc and track titles
- ChangeFSI: Scale, rotate, flip, smooth, sharpen, and colour enhance native sprite images, and optionally convert them into JPEGs. It can also import PNGs and export them using the global clipboard
- Configure: Plugin based control panel for the operating system and surrounding software. Allows many aspects and appearance of the system and desktop to be customised and tweaked, including the settings for bundled applications like Paint and Draw
- Bugz: A tool that enables users to generate bug reports about software that crashes, along with information about their computer system, ready to send to RISCOS Ltd or a relevant third party developer
- Draw: Entry level vector graphics package with new SVG export feature, and uses the IFR system for bitmap image import
- Help: Interactive help system, allowing applications to display 'tool tips' and other messages as the user moves the pointer around the desktop
- Image Viewer: Can display any image supported by the IFR system
- Mini tools: Compact command line utilities to search files for particular bits of text, to create and unpack zip archive files, to compress and decompress gzip files, and to convert images with the IFR system. Command line utilities like these can also provide information about themselves to the standard *help command
- Network tools: Simple tools that check the connection between two computers, trace the network route of a connection between two computers, and so on, plus an FTP client and two applications that monitor the download and upload rates of the computer when connected to a network or the Internet
- Paint: Simple bitmap graphics editor; can also sort sprites, allow the user to arrange sprites in a spritefile by hand, can crop images, can plot anti-aliased fonts, has a new toolbar with colour picker, can edit and create alpha channel and CMYK images and can do local transparency flood fills. Can use the IFR system to import images supported by the IFR and also export images as JPEGs and PNGs.
- Printers: Various printers supported including InkJet, Laser and Postscript. Support for 'plug in and play' USB and parallel printers available online
- Screensavers: A number of screen savers are bundled with RISC OS Select
- Other bundled software: scientific calculator; magnifying glass utility; entry level text editor and word processor; entry level music editor with MIDI output. Also available is the ANT Internet suite, a collection of software including a web browser and email client; Omniclient, a network client that supports Windows file sharing, Apple Talk and other protocols; and ImageFS, which converts known image formats into native sprites
Bug fixes
An unprecedented number of bug fixes have been rolled out over the years for just about every component in the OS: from handling dodgy JPEG data to fixing a serious bug in the MessageTrans module, from revising the toolbox modules to addressing faults in the network related software. The overall effect is that system stability is massively increased.
There are many more tweaks and enhances, too numerous to list here - consult the links below for all the fine details. For updates to the software API, consult the documentation published to Select subscribers and Adjust users.
Sources
Select release 1
Select release 2
Select release 3
Adjust release
Links
Back to the RISC OS feature list index
Chris Williams contributed to three RISC OS Select components: BootMenu, SockStats and MiniGrep
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